{"id":4107,"date":"2020-05-18T14:38:56","date_gmt":"2020-05-18T12:38:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/merianin.de\/?page_id=4107"},"modified":"2021-02-25T13:12:41","modified_gmt":"2021-02-25T12:12:41","slug":"baustruktur","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/merianin.de\/en\/home\/baustruktur\/","title":{"rendered":"Building Structure"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \n Half-Timbered Buildings more than 600 Years ago and Their Modifications <\/span>\n \t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\tDESCRIPTION BY THE EXPERT MICHAEL TASCHNER\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\tBergstra\u00dfe 10, multi-storied building, timber-framed appearance from the 15th century, scarf and mortise with tenon joints till 1525\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>
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Around 1400, Nuremberg saw a change in the technique of constructing timber frames for buildings, away from the stand storey construction (with long beams fixing the floors together) to a pure storey-by-storey construction. (1) Why the carpenters themselves decided to use the technique of constructing storey-by-storey from then, on or whether they were ordered to do so, remains a mystery to this day. The assumption that storey-by-storey construction would make work easier on the building site and also provide flexibility in the design of the fa\u00e7ade and floor plan is ultimately only a guess. The most obvious difference between the two construction methods is the height of the half-timbered stands, which in the case of multi-storey construction are no higher than one storey. The multi-storey construction technique was basically nothing new, as it was often used above stud-floor building, e.g., on the 2nd floor (see Obere Schmiedgasse 54\/56).<\/p>\n

The house at Bergstrasse 10, known mainly for its residents Maria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717) and Johann Andreas Graff (1636-1701), was built in 1412 as a half-timbered house in a storeyed construction and, due to its early construction date, is a good example of the changes in half-timbered construction around 1400.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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The original scarf-jointed timber framing was replaced in the second half of the 17th century by simple timber frameworks or by sandstone masonry (photo 2017).<\/em><\/p>\n

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The corner house with the name \"Zur goldenen Sonne\" (At the Golden Sun) probably underwent major changes in the 2nd half of the 17th century. The medieval half-timbered structure on the ground floor was replaced by sandstone ashlar masonry and the half-timbered structure on the first floor was partly replaced by a simple timber-framed structure. Plaster was applied over the entire surface to cover the no longer homogeneous half-timbered structure. In 1974, the Altstadtfreunde (Friends of the Old Town) sponsored the uncovering of the half-timbered fa\u00e7ades. (2)<\/p>\n

Uncovering the half-timbered construction revealed appearance of the medieval half-timbered house, for example, on the gable and eaves side of the 2nd floor. This demonstrates the construction of the multi-storey building, which is composed of threshold, stands, frame, head and foot struts and window sills. As one can readily deduce from the term \u2018storey construction\u2019, any edifice built using this technique is constructed storey by storey. It is striking that the ends of the struts required to reinforce the building are placed very close together on the stands, sometimes even touching one other - a type of half-timbered structure that can be observed throughout the entire 15th century. Moreover, the doubled short struts, also known as braces, are not used for stability but solely for ornamental purposes.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

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Das 2. OG, das 1. und 2. DG zeigen noch die bauzeitliche Fachwerkarchitektur von 1412. Anhand der abgeschnittenen Bl\u00e4tter (ehem. Kopfstreben) im Schwellholz des 2. OG kann man das Fachwerk im 1. OG rekonstruieren (Foto 2012)<\/em><\/p>\n

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An important component in half-timbered construction are the timber joints (3), which are briefly explained here to enable better understanding of the individual stages. While the horizontal and vertical timbers were connected to each other by means of pins, the diagonal struts were joined to the horizontal and vertical timbers by means of scarf joints. The roof space was an exception here. There the horizontal beams (collar beams) were slotted into the rafters by means of scarf joints. The carpenters used oak nails to secure and fix the joints, as these were more stable, less prone to break under stress and more durable than nails made of softwood. The scarfed wooden joints were used until around 1525. (4)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Excerpt: Michael Taschner, Das Fachwerk in N\u00fcrnberg von 1300 bis 1700, published in N\u00fcrnberger Altstadtberichte der Altstadtfreunde N\u00fcrnberg, No. 42\/2017, ISSN 2566-6630, p. 97-99.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

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Connection of the (diagonal) struts or bows in horizontal and vertical timber framework within the old town.
\nOn the left: Scarf joints until 1525 - Right: Mortise and Tenon Joints from 1525<\/em><\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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  1. Bedal, Konrad: Fachwerk vor 1600 in Franken. Eine Bestandsaufnahme. 2. edition, Petersberg 2006, pp. 32 f.<\/li>\n
  2. Mulzer, Erich, Maria Sibylla Merian und das Haus Bergstra\u00dfe 10, in: N\u00fcrnberger Altstadtberichte no. 24 (1999), p. 27-56; Mulzer, Erich: T\u00e4tigkeitsbericht der Vereinigung Altstadtfreunde vom 1. November 1973 bis 31. Dezember 1975. in: N\u00fcrnberger Altstadtberichte no. 1 (1976). pp. 9, 18; Bedal, Konrad, Fachwerk vor 1600 in Franken. pp. 463: Dendrochronological analysis: test core drilled by Michael Taschner, evaluation: planning company Tisje, 1992, result 1412 Holzaltersbestimmung: gebohrt von Michael Taschner, Auswertung: Planungsb\u00fcro Tisje, 1992: Ergebnis 1412<\/strong><\/li>\n
  3. Bedal, Konrad (Hrsg.), Unter Dach und Fach, H\u00e4userbauen in N\u00fcrnberg vom 14. bis ins 20. Jahrhundert, Bad Windsheim 2002, pp. 173 f<\/li>\n
  4. Bedal, Konrad, Fachwerk vor 1600 in Franken. S. 44 f; Bedal, Konrad: Fachwerkkunst in Franken 1600-1750. Eine Bestandsaufnahme. Bad Windsheim 2014. pp. 62 f; Taschner, Michael: Die Sieben Zeilen in N\u00fcrnberg (in many respects important houses for research into old buildings) \u2013 in: N\u00fcrnberger Altstadtberichte no. 38 (2013). pp. 49-62<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Der Fachwerkbau vor mehr als 600 Jahren und seine Ver\u00e4nderungen Beschreibung des Fachmanns Michael Taschner Bergstra\u00dfe 10: Stockwerkbau, Fachwerkbild im 15. Jahrhundert, verblattete und verzapfte Holzverbindungen bis 1525 In N\u00fcrnberg vollzog sich um 1400 ein Wandel in der Fachwerkbauweise, weg vom St\u00e4ndergeschossbau hin zum reinen Stockwerkbau. (1) Warum sich die Zimmerleute von nun [...]","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":23,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4107","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nBaustruktur - merianin.de<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/merianin.de\/en\/home\/baustruktur\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Baustruktur - merianin.de\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/merianin.de\/en\/home\/baustruktur\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"merianin.de\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-02-25T12:12:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/merianin.de\/home\/baustruktur\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/merianin.de\/home\/baustruktur\/\",\"name\":\"Baustruktur - 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