{"id":2884,"date":"2020-03-05T15:58:12","date_gmt":"2020-03-05T14:58:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/merianin.de\/?page_id=2884"},"modified":"2021-02-03T13:09:57","modified_gmt":"2021-02-03T12:09:57","slug":"nuernberger-werke","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/merianin.de\/en\/nuernberger-werke\/","title":{"rendered":"Nuremberg Works"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \n 138 Copperplate Etchings <\/span>\n \t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\tOBSERVING \u2013 DEPICTING \u2013 DESCRIBING\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>
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From Maria Sibylla time in Nuremberg date five publications together with her husband. All of them were sold unbound - as a 'loose-leaf collection', so to speak. Her three books of flowers corresponded in style to the prints already offered by Matth\u00e4us Merian the Elder in Frankfurt and his father-in-law Johann Theodor de Bry.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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\n\t\t\t\tThe Flower Books\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>
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1675<\/strong>: First edition of the \u201cFlower Book\u201d = Florum Fasciculus Primus<\/strong> with 12 copperplate etchings very suitable for illumination and as patterns for embroidery by industrious maidens.<\/p>\n

1677<\/strong>: Continuing edition of the \u201cFlower Book\u201d: The demand seems to have been gratifyingly high, so that 12 further copperplates in the Florum Fasciculus Alter<\/strong> were profitable. Success went on.<\/p>\n

1680<\/strong>: Florum Fasciculus Tertius<\/strong> contained 12 further copperplate etchings, and at the same time, a package of all 36 etchings was offered as \"Das Neue Blumenbuch\" (The New Flower Book). (1)<\/p>\n

Depending on taste and wallet, the customer could purchase them as a bundle of uncolored sheets or - much more expensive - \"illuminated\" with colors and entrust them to a bookbinder himself. The Bamberg State Library holds one copy of each of the first three uncoloured editions, which impress by Maria Sibylla's skill as an etcher.<\/p>\n

Her great talent for coloration can be admired in one of the few preserved coloured copies of the \"New Flower Book\" and its three title copper prints in the Dresden State and University Library. According to experts, they were illuminated by Maria Sibylla herself. The comparison of the title copper prints of these editions shows the highest quality of the artist in both techniques.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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\n\t\t\t\"\"<\/a>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\n\tFlower Book 1<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
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\n\t\t\t\"\"<\/a>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n
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\n\tFlower Book 2<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
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\n\t\t\t\"\"<\/a>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n
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\n\tFlower Book 3<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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Title Etchings of the first Editions of the Three \u201cFlower Books\u201d 1675, 1677, 1680 (Bamberg) <\/em>(2)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/div>
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\n\t\t\t\"\"<\/a>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\n\tNew Flower Book \u2013 Part 1<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
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\n\t\t\t\"\"<\/a>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n
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\n\tNew Flower Book \u2013 Part 2<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
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\n\t\t\t\"\"<\/a>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n
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\n\tNew Flower Book \u2013 Part 3<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t
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New Flower Book, three Parts with three Title Etchings 1680 (Dresden) <\/em>(3)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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\n\t\t\t\tThe Caterpillar Books\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>
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Maria Sibylla left the usual paths with her caterpillar books, which she devised, etched and wrote text for which was set by a Nuremberg printer. Her new copperplate etchings show the development (metamorphosis) of insects, starting with eggs and then via caterpillars and chrysalis through to butterflies or beetles and other insects, together with the respective host plants the caterpillars feed on. This representation of non-simultaneous things on the same page had to be explained, so Maria Sibylla supplemented each illustration with an extensive description on a separate page \u2013 she thus became a non-fiction author<\/em> with a novel combination of text and image on the topic of insect research (entomology).<\/p>\n

First Caterpillar Book 1679: \u201cOn the Caterpillars\u2019 Miraculous Metamorphosis and Special Flower Nourishment\"<\/strong>
\nOn the lower ends of the mulberry branches framing this title \u2013 almost hidden \u2013 is written:
\nMar-Sibill Gr\u00e4ffin \/ geb: Merianin<\/strong><\/p>\n

There is no Latin text in the Caterpillar Book, everyone was to be able to understand her clearly worded and uncomplicated texts accompanying the 51 copperplate etchings (with title etching), including her female pupils from the \u201cCompany of Maidens\u201d.<\/p>\n

In the foreword, she directly addresses the \u201cHighly Revered Art-Loving Reader\u201d and for the future promises \u201c\u2026 to continue industriously with drawing from nature: and further I intend \/ for each species \/ with the well-provided support of my spouse \/ to add their foods drawn from life\". (4)<\/p>\n

The mention of help, in particular in adding the plants (\u201cthe foods drawn from life\u201d) on the drafts, is a great exception in the work of Maria Sibylla. If she gives us any insight into her work and life at all, she almost always words this in the first person. Astonishingly, she will later on even keep silent about her younger daughter accompanying her on a 2-year expedition to Surinam, although she was her most important collaborator and although the seriously ill mother would hardly have survived the long and arduous sea voyage back to Amsterdam without her daughter\u2019s help.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

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\n\t\t\t\"\"<\/a>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t
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Title etching of the first Caterpillar Book <\/em>(5)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

<\/span><\/div>\n
\n\tFirst Caterpillar Book<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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\n\t\t\t\"\"<\/a>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t
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Title etching of the second Caterpillar Book <\/em>(7)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

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She kept her promise of making further insect observations, and only 4 years later, her second Caterpillar Book was published, again by her husband:<\/p>\n

Second Caterpillar Book 1683: \u201cSecond Part of the Caterpillar\u2019s Miraculous Metamorphosis and Special Flower Nourishment\u201d<\/strong>
\nBelow the splendid flower wreath she names herself as copperplate etcher: \"Maria Sibylla Gr\u00e4ffin sculpsit\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

These 51 further etchings (without texts) were probably also printed in the house \u201con the Milk Market\u201d. For some of the prints show careful attention during the printing process which would have gone far beyond the practices of other commercial printers. Erlangen University Library owns very rare \u201ccounter prints\u201d of the First and Second Caterpillar Books, which were made by a special printing process, not<\/em> directly from the copperplates, but by pressing the still wet printed paper onto a second, also wet sheet of paper.<\/p>\n

Maria Sibylla valued these counter prints, particularly because of their fine contours, as a basis for illuminating. At the time, this counter print process was not widely used. It required great care and a particularly well-balanced composition without any text, because the results of the printer\u2019s press are always mirror images.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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\n\tSecond Caterpillar Book<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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\n \t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\tTHE NUREMBERG BOOKPRINTERS\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>
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The text sections were farmed out to two different printers who had both immigrated to Nuremberg, but had completely different starting points. They are a good example of the wide range of opportunities and risks for immigrants in the last decades of the 17th century:<\/p>\n

Caterpillar Book 1: Printed by Andreas Knortzen \/ 1679<\/strong><\/p>\n

Knortz came from Kulmbach, and for several years tried in vain to get permission to establish his own print workshop (= Offizin) in Nuremberg; it was only when the Imperial Court in Vienna accepted his application and set an ultimatum for its implementation, that the Nuremberg Council abandoned its resistance to this unwanted competitor to local printers and after late 1676 permitted him to print. The Council, however, did not like some of his printed products (such as one about the Teutonic Order of Knights or one about an English fortune-teller), and some were confiscated and Knortz was also punished with short terms of imprisonment in a tower.<\/p>\n

So the printing contract by Graff and Gr\u00e4ffin for a book which could not offend religious feelings was probably very welcome in this difficult start-up period. After Knortz\u2019 death, his widow and his son continued the print workshop for over 20 years. (8)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

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Caterpillar Book 2: Printed by Joh. Michael Sp\u00f6rlin \/ 1683<\/strong><\/p>\n

Merianin literature mostly assumes that the Second Caterpillar Book was printed in Frankfurt, because, in 1683, the Graff-Merianin family had already moved to Frankfurt. But as matter of fact, the Sp\u00f6rlin workshop was in Nuremberg, and this is where the printing of the texts took place. (9)<\/p>\n

Sp\u00f6rlin, son of a Frankfurt printer, came to Nuremberg, and in 1682 married the widow of a Nuremberg printer. This was the easier method for an immigrant to acquire his own workshop; Clearly Sp\u00f6rlin did not have the same difficult start as Knortz. The Council and professional competitors usually allowed journeymen, who married a master\u2019s widow and thus provided for her, to continue the master\u2019s workshop. Widows were even permitted to manage a workshop for some time, if there was the prospect of a son as the father\u2019s successor \u2013 as was the case with Sp\u00f6rlin\u2019s second wife who married the widower married and who survived him. (10)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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    \n
  1. Gr\u00e4ffin, Maria Sibylla (MSM 1680), Neues Blumenbuch, reproduction of the historic book in the property of the S\u00e4chsische Landesbibliothek \u2026 2010, cf. bibliography<\/li>\n
  2. Staatsbibliothek Bamberg, Sig. Bip.Bot.q.63#1 bzw. …#2, …#3, urn:nbn:de:bvb:22-dtl-0000002841<\/a>, urn:nbn:de:bvb:22-dtl-0000002887<\/a>, urn:nbn:de:bvb:22-dtl-0000002851<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. SLUB Dresden, Sig. Botan.84,misc.1, PURL: http:\/\/digital.slub-dresden.de\/id375332529<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Gr\u00e4ffin, Maria Sibylla (MSM 1679), preface: https:\/\/digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de\/diglit\/merian1679bd1\/0005\/image<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Gr\u00e4ffin, Maria Sibylla (MSM 1679), ttle etching of First Caterpillar Book;courtesy of UBErl, Handschriftenabteilung, Sig. H62 \/ CIM.P 38
    \nThis hand-coloured copy, created shortly after the print, by Nuremberg medical doctor, Dr Johann Georg Volkamer the Younger, kept the particular radiance of its colours throughout the centuries. The doctor\u2019s brother, Johann Christoph Volkamer, married Regina Catharina Auer in 1680. She was the sister of the godmother of the second Merianin-Graff daughter and had taken over Merianin\u2019s paint and natural produce shop. Most probably, Dr. Volkamer purchased his particularly high-quality points from this source.; (digitalisation, p.1); cf also:     https:\/\/sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de\/frankfurt\/content\/titleinfo\/4655656<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. Reprints (not illumanted) of the First and Second Caterpillar Books in Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Erlangen, Trew Bibliothek, (Sig.: p 73 + 74)<\/li>\n
  7. Gr\u00e4ffin, Maria Sibylla (MSM 1683), title etching of Second Caterpillar Book (Zweites Raupenbuch); courtesy of UBErl Handschriftenabteilung, Sig. H62 \/ CIM. P 39; (Digitalisat P.1); cf. also: https:\/\/sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de\/frankfurt\/content\/titleinfo\/4776858<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. Reske (Kun 2007). p. 738 ff, keyword: Andreas Knorz (Knortz)<\/li>\n
  9. Sauer (Lit 2014), p. 192<\/li>\n
  10. Reske (Kun 2007), p. 745, keyword: Johann Michael Sp\u00f6rlin<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
    <\/div><\/div><\/div>
    <\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"138 Kupferstiche BEOBACHTEN \u2013 DARSTELLEN \u2013 BESCHREIBEN Aus Maria Sibyllas Zeit in N\u00fcrnberg stammen f\u00fcnf Ver\u00f6ffentlichungen zusammen mit ihrem Mann als Verleger. Sie wurden alle der damaligen Zeit entsprechend ungebunden \u2013, sozusagen als \u201eLose-Blatt-Sammlung\u201c \u2013 verkauft. Ihre drei Blumenb\u00fccher entsprachen im Stil den Drucken, die auch schon Matth\u00e4us Merian der \u00c4ltere in Frankfurt [...]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2884","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nN\u00fcrnberger Werke - merianin.de<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/merianin.de\/en\/nuernberger-werke\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"N\u00fcrnberger Werke - merianin.de\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/merianin.de\/en\/nuernberger-werke\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"merianin.de\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-02-03T12:09:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/merianin.de\/nuernberger-werke\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/merianin.de\/nuernberger-werke\/\",\"name\":\"N\u00fcrnberger Werke - 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