{"id":2327,"date":"2020-01-22T13:22:24","date_gmt":"2020-01-22T12:22:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/merianin.de\/?page_id=2327"},"modified":"2024-02-19T12:31:56","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T11:31:56","slug":"archivalien","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/merianin.de\/en\/home\/archivalien\/","title":{"rendered":"Documents from Archives"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \n Christening, Marriage and Death in the Graff-Merian Family <\/span>\n \t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\tTRACES IN CHURCH REGISTERS, LIBRARIES AND COLLECTIONS\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>
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Question: Who knows nowadays when exactly Maria Sibylla Merian was born? Answer: Nobody.<\/p>\n

A) In the seventeenth century it was not the date of birth but the date of a child\u2019s christening that was entered in church registers as the more important date. The register of christenings from the time when Maria Sibylla was born has been preserved in Frankfurt. (1) Her father Matthaeus Merian is referred to as a \"bookseller\u201d<\/em> and the date of the christening is recorded as 4th April 1647.<\/em> (2) At that time babies were christened a few days after the birth (often on the next day but one), so that a date of birth in early April 1647 is likely for Maria Sibylla.<\/p>\n

The daughter of a doctor who was well-known and respected in Frankfurt at that time, Dr. med. Isaac Chombart (1612-1679), is recorded as godmother (hub<\/em> means raised, i. e., the child from the christening font). This allows us to draw conclusions regarding the social position of the baby\u2019s family. Since the sources for this early period are sparse, such evidence provides valuable clues.<\/p>\n

In what follows, two further examples illustrate just how informative the entries in the Frankfurt records are for any detailed research into the time when Maria Sibylla Merian lived in this city. They certainly contributed to the clarification of facts in several cases described on this website.<\/p>\n

B) The \"proclamation\" on 30th April 1665 of the wedding of Johann Andreas Graff with Maria Sibylla Merian (5) is similar to the reading of the banns in later eras. It is noteworthy that the wedding on 16th May 1665 did not<\/u> not take place in a church, but in the private residence of Jacob Morell [Marrrell], the stepfather of Maria Sibylla and former teacher and master of Johann Andreas Graff. Another wedding even took place In his home on the same day. This points to the early Pietist orientation of the Merian-Marrell-Graff family, who did not seek their spiritual connection to God in church ceremonies, but in deep personal piety<\/p>\n

The professional designation \"Kunstmahler\" is important for Johann Andreas Graff: he was a skilled artisan, not to be confused with a \"simple\" craftsman like a house painter or a whitewasher. Also interesting is the detailed mention of his late father as Principal of the Gymnasium von St. Egidien and Poeta Laureatus, a rare distinction for service to the cultivation of language and the art of rhetoric. (6). Graff was thus the \"son of a good family\".<\/p>\n

In addition to these entries, there are two historical sources with glimpses into this wedding long before the time when memories could be preserved by wedding photos or even videos. For by a happy coincidence, two printed booklets of wedding poems have been preserved, probably because a lover of such \"Gelegenheitsgedichten\" (occasional poems), which were popular at the time, took his extensive collection with him when he moved from Nuremberg to Zwickau. There they were stored and catalogued in the Council School Library (Ratsschulbibiliothek). Dr. Christine Sauer, Head of the Historisch-Wissenschaftliche Stadtbibliothek Nuremberg, rediscovered them in the \"VD 17\" catalogue of seventeenth-century prints and hence made a first evaluation possible.<\/p>\n

Already the title pages suggest that these booklets are unusually concrete testimonies to the situation of this artistically particularly gifted couple at the time. With these verses we can develop our own imaginary, but nevertheless vivid picture of the bride and groom. The well-wishes of those offering their congratulations are so sensitively attuned to the 31-year-old groom and the 18-year-old bride that they reflect the expectations of the bridal couple for their common future.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Title pages of two printed booklets with poems as wedding gifts from patrons and friends on the left and from the groom's brother on the right <\/em>(7)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Congratulations in Detail
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Predecessors of \"Social Media\" in the 17th Century?<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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\n\tby Patrons and Friends<\/a><\/div>\n
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\n\tby Brother Gottlieb Graff<\/a><\/div>\n
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C) At the christening of Johanna Helena on 5th January 1668 (8) we find - in contrast to her mother\u2019s christening - no godmother from another Frankfurt family with whom closer, perhaps even friendly relations existed. Johanna Helena\u2019s godmother (indicated by the verb \u201chub\u201d<\/em> ) was her own grandmother, Johanna Sibylla Marrell (Morell); \u201euxor\u201c<\/em> is the Latin term for wife<\/em>. Johanna Sibylla Marrell was the widow of Matthaeus Merian, the father of Maria Sibylla and grandfather of the infant being christened. Obviously, the young family had already planned to move to Nuremberg with the baby Johanna Helena or may even have been about to do so. For this reason, kinship was more important than the social environment in Frankfurt when the godmother was chosen.<\/p>\n

In the 17th century there were no registry offices or offices where people had to register on moving to a town; and the most important sources for the beginning and end of life, as well as for marriages, are church records. However, in Frankfurt it was not the parishes but a municipal institution that was responsible for these entries on christening, marriage and death. There the \u201cAlmosenschreiber\u201d (alms scribe) in the city's \u201cAlmosenkasten\u201d (alms house) was responsible for keeping such registers. Thus at that time these books originated in a social institution for the care of the poor, a forerunner, so to speak, of today's Social Security Offices. (1)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Entries in relation to Maria Sibylla Merian in the Christening and Wedding Records of Frankfurt (1)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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A) Heading for the year and the month:<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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\u201eAnno 1647. Aprilis\u201c (2)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Entry for the date:<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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\u201eSontags d(en) 4. Aprilis\u201c (2)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Entry for Maria Sibylla\u2019s christening:<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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4. April 1647 (alter Kalender) (4):
\n\u201eHerr Matthaeus Merian, Buchh\u00e4ndtler, uxor Johanna
\nSibylla, ein tochter Maria Sibylla, hub Jungf(rau)
\nMaria, Herrn Isaac Schomparts Medicinae
\nDoctoris tochter.\u201c (2)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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B) Entry for the announcement date:<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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\u201e1665 Dominica Rogate, 30. Aprilis 1665\u201c (5)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Entry for the Graff-Merian wedding with date:<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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Mai 1665 (alter Kalender) (4):
\n\u201e1665
\nPfingstdienstags
\n16. May in Jacob
\nMorells wohnung<\/p>\n

H(err) Johann Andreas Graff, von N\u00fcrnberg, Kunst-
\nmahler, wey(land) H(errn) Johann Graffen, Po\u00ebtae Laureati
\nCaesarei v(nd) de\u00df l\u00f6b(lichen) Gymnas\u04f3 bey St. Egidien
\ndaselbst(en) gewesenen Rectoris S(eligen) ehe(licher) Sohn,
\nVnd Jungf(rau) Maria Sibylla, weyl(and) H(errn) Matth\u00e6i
\nMerians, gewesenen Burgers, Buchh\u00e4ndlers vnd
\nKunststechers alhier S(eligen) ehe(liche) Tochter.\u201c (5)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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C) Heading for the year and the month:<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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\u201eAnno 1668. Januarius\u201c (8)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Entry for the date:<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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\u201eSontags 5. Januarius\u201c (8)\u201c<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Entry for Johanna Helena\u2018s christening:<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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5. Jan. 1668 (alter Kalender) (4)
\n\u201eJohann Andreas Graff, Mahler, uxor Maria Sib\u00fflla
\nein Tochter Johanna Helena, hub Johanna Sibylla,
\nJacob Morells Mahlers hau\u00dffr(au), Ihre Mutter.\u201c (8)<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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On the international genealogy platform Geneanet<\/a><\/strong> the scientist and journalist Renate Ell has compiled the biographical data of Maria Sibylla Merian and family trees with extensive branches of her family members.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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In Nuremberg, on the other hand, as in most other places in the German-speaking world, such registers were kept as church records. Fortunately, they are completely preserved here for the time of the Graff-Merianin family, while elsewhere they were, regrettably, often destroyed by warlike events over the centuries. in Nuremberg the parishes of St. Sebald and St. Lawrence were responsible, each with their own separate registers. Thus, the first thing to be established is the parish in which the people one is trying to trace lived, i.e., whether they lived on the north side of the Pegnitz (St. Sebald) or on the south side of the river (St. Lawrence).<\/p>\n

In what follows, a few examples illustrate just how informative the entries in Nuremberg church records are for any detailed research into the time when Maria Sibylla Merian lived in this city. The places where information can be found are subsequently compiled into a list because they provide surprising insights into the lives and interwoven relationships of people in Maria Sibylla\u2019s Nuremberg milieu. As laborious as it may be to find these handwritten entries in long, closely written lists and to study them in detail, they are among the most important - and often the only - sources for uncovering connections in this period over 300 years ago. For research on Merian\u2019s Nuremberg family, the entries for Johann Andreas Graff and his relatives in the parish books of St. Sebald are especially important, as is shown here using six examples).<\/p>\n

1) The christening records are interesting since they provide details of the fathers\u2019 professions. In the entry for the christening of Johann Andreas Graff (2.5.1636) we find \"Johann Graff, Gymnsj, Rector\"<\/em> (headmaster of a grammar school) as the father's profession. In the register of funerals the entry for the father is even augmented by a tribute: \"The Honorable and Highly Learned Mr. M[agister] Johannes Gravius, Poeta Laureatus Caesar[eus] and meritorious Rector of the laudable grammar school at St. Egidien [St. Giles]\".<\/em>(Entry 2a) The distinction of Poeta Laureatus for his services to language and rhetoric was thus particularly worthy of mention and shows that he was a much-respected citizen of Nuremberg, even though he was an immigrant from Thuringia.<\/p>\n

2) His son\u2019s registered godfather was \u201cAndreas Auer, wine merchant\u201d<\/em>, an immigrant from Vienna, who certainly became important in Johann Andreas\u2019s life after the latter\u2019s father died when he was only eight years old.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

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3) Friendly relations between the Auer and Graff families existed for decades. On 2th February 1678 a daughter of the wine merchant became the godmother of the Graffs\u2019 younger daughter, who was named Dorothea Maria after her godmother (entry 2e).<\/p>\n

Maria Sibylla received lessons in painting from Johann Paul Auer, a brother of Dorothea Maria Auer and one of the directors of the newly established academy of painting. (9) In October 1702 (i.e., after her return from Surinam) Maria Sibylla was still asking her correspondent Johann Georg Volkamer the Younger (10) \"to pass on my very best wishes ... to my dear godmother Auer\". (12) She adds that she would really prefer to get together with her in person because she had a lot to tell her.<\/p>\n

4) When the mother of Johann Andreas Graff died (1649), she was registered in the register of funerals as \"Wittib auf dem Milchmark\" [widow on the Milk Market] (entry 2b). When her son died more than fifty years later (1701), the address in this register is also \"aufm alten Milchmarckt\" [on the old Milk Market]. (entry 1). This refers to the area beyond the Albrecht D\u00fcrer monument, which was erected much later. This indication is important at a time when street names were not yet clearly fixed and house numbers had not yet been introduced. This localization is - in addition to the preserved title deeds - an evidence of the longstanding family ownership of the handsome dwelling \"Zur Guldenen Sonne\". This refers to the area above the Albrecht D\u00fcrer monument, which was erected much later. In addition, the entry even contains an address, namely \"on the Old Milk Market\" (i.e., today up the hill and beyond the Albrecht D\u00fcrer monument).<\/p>\n

5) Johann Andreas Graff\u2019s sons from his second marriage (entry 3b and 3c) were given godfathers from the Nuremberg upper class. (11) Nuremberg was a hierarchical society at that time and Graff belonged to the lower class of craftsmen, despite the high quality of his artistic work. But Nuremberg was also a civic city, where education and professional achievement could foster many social contacts between different social levels.<\/p>\n

6) The lifetime work of Johann Andreas Graff was appreciated in the funeral register on 9th December 1701 (entry 1) by being described as \"The \u201cErbar und kunstreiche\u201d Johann Andreas Graf: painter and portrait painter on the Old Milk Market \". <\/em>These words \u201chonourable and highly skilled\u201d (?) express an appreciation for him and his professional activities.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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\n \n Dates of the Lives of Johann Andreas Graff (JAG) and his family <\/span>\n \t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\tENTRIES IN THE REGISTERS OF THE PARISH OF ST. SEBALD\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\tARCHIVE LOCATION LAELKB: L(andeskirchliches) A(rchiv der) E(vangelisch-)L(utherischen) K(irche in) B(ayern)\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>
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In 1700 the Gregorian calendar was introduced into Frankfurt and Nuremberg. Until then the Julian calendar had been used, in which the calendar year was, however, slightly longer than the solar year. Due to the increasing drift over the centuries, 10 days were removed from the calendar and the leap days were reorganised so that in the future the calendar year and the solar year would correspond better. This is why, for example, 10 days have to be added to Maria Sibylla Merian's baptism date for it to correspond to today's calendar: 14th April instead of 4th April 1647.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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  1. Information kindly provided by Dr. Michael Matth\u00e4us, Head of the Institut f\u00fcr Stadtgeschichte, Frankfurt a.M., on 25.1.2016: (quotation in German). The godmother (hub means raised, i. e., the child from the christening font) was the daughter of the doctor \u201cDr. med. Isaac Chombart\u201d (1612-1679).<\/li>\n
  2. Christening of Maria Sibylla Merianin: Taufb\u00fccher (Christening Records) Frankfurt 10 (1642-1647), fol. 292v; the registers of residents for Frankfurt, Nuremberg and many other places in the German-speaking world have been digitalised by a religious community (headquarters in Utah, U.S.A.) because of their own ritual relationships to their ancestors and are accessible on the Internet: www.familysearch.org<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. cf. Wilhelm Kallmorgen, Siebenhundert Jahre Heilkunde in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1936, p. 237.<\/li>\n
  4. The old Julian Calendar used before the reform of the calendar by Pope Gregory in 1700 in Frankfurt, in which 11 days were deleted from the calendar = adjustment to the solar year, e.g., without the increasingly \"delayed\" beginning of spring. In Nuremberg this reform took place on 18th Febuary 1700, immediately followed by 1st March 1700. The rest of the days in February were removed from the calendar. Consequently, there are no entries for those days in the church records; information kindly provided by Dr. Daniel Sch\u00f6nwald of the Bavarian Church Archives, 4.2.2016, cf. also Stadtlexikon (2000), p. 1208, entry \u201cZeitrechnung\u201d<\/li>\n
  5. \u00a0Wedding Graff-Merianin: Proklamationsb\u00fccher Frankfurt 9 (1652-1676), fol. 174v. In Frankfurt the weddings were also documented in a second book. In this \"Heiratsbuch\" [Register of Weddings] (the entry does not mention the location for the wedding ceremony) there is a similar entry in No. 8 (1658-1673), fol. 104r: here Johann Graff Senior is also similarly honoured as Poeta Laureatus and Rector, because this was important for his son's social status as bridegroom.<\/li>\n
  6. This honour was awarded by Emperor Friedrich III from 1487 onwards in the tradition of the coronation of poets in Antiquity. From 1622 onwards the University of Altdorf was granted the right by imperial privilege to award this honour as well (see M\u00e4hrle (2000), p. 93).<\/li>\n
  7. \u00a0Ratsbibliothek Zwickau, anthology with poems, sign. no. 48.8.7(4) and sign. no. 48.8.7(6)<\/li>\n
  8. Christening of Dorothea Maria Gr\u00e4ffin: Taufb\u00fccher Frankfurt 13 (1667-1675), fol. 45r<\/li>\n
  9. Doppelmayr (1730), handwritten entry on inserted blank pages in his personal copy of the printed book, unique copy in the library of the German National Museum Nuremberg, shelfmark 108571, entry to the right of p. 268 (= scan no. 583)<\/li>\n
  10. Johann Georg Volkamer the Younger was the brother-in-law of another Auer sister named Regina Caterina, who had married his brother Johann Christoph, widowed twice before, in 1680. This J. Chr. Volkamer was not only a successful merchant, but also the author of the famous large-format and richly illustrated botanical expert book \"Hesperides\" and owner of one of the most magnificent baroque gardens in Nuremberg.<\/li>\n
  11. Quoted after the transcription of the letter N. 8 (UBErlangen, Trew-Bibliothek, Ms. 1834, Merian, No. 2, transcribed in: Wettengl (1997), letter no. 8, pp. 265f<\/li>\n
  12. Lord Christoph Friedrich Gugel von Steinb\u00fchl and Erlenstegen (1648-1706) and Lord Georg Burkard L\u00f6ffelholz the Younger of Colberg and Steinach (1664-1737), both with important administrative and city-council functions in Nuremberg; the Graff sons were given the same first names as these godfathers.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Taufe, Hochzeit, Tod in der Familie Graff-Merianin Spuren in Kirchenb\u00fcchern, Bibliotheken, Sammlungen Frage: Wer wei\u00df heutzutage, an welchem Datum Maria Sibylla Merianin geboren wurde? Antwort: Niemand. A) Als wichtiges Datum am Lebensanfang wurde im 17. Jahrhundert in Registern nicht das Geburtsdatum, sondern das Taufdatum festgehalten. (1) Das Taufbuch aus der Zeit, als Maria [...]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":23,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2327","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nArchivalien - merianin.de<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/merianin.de\/en\/home\/archivalien\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Archivalien - merianin.de\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/merianin.de\/en\/home\/archivalien\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"merianin.de\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-02-19T11:31:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/merianin.de\/home\/archivalien\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/merianin.de\/home\/archivalien\/\",\"name\":\"Archivalien - 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